查看完整版本: 介绍一下山师公认宿舍"帅哥"----小强(写真)

介绍一下山师公认宿舍"帅哥"----小强(写真)

蟑螂
[table=98%][tr][td][url=http://baike.baidu.com/pic/1/11443780961719819.jpg][img]http://baike.baidu.com/pic/1/11443780961719819_small.jpg[/img][/url] ⒈〖[b]昆虫[/b]〗

蟑螂是这个星球上最古老的昆虫之一，曾与恐龙生活在同一时代。根据化石证据显示，原始蟑螂约在4亿年前的志留纪出现于地球上。我们发现的蟑螂的化石或者是从煤炭和琥珀中发现的蟑螂，与你家橱柜中的并没有多大的差别。亿万年来它的外貌并没什么大的变化，但生命力和适应力却越来越顽强，一直繁衍到今天，广泛分布在世界各个角落。

曾经有生物学家根据蟑螂的生态习性下了一个定论：如果有一天地球上发生了全球核子大战，在影响区内的所有生物包括人类和甚至鱼类等都会消失殆尽，只有蟑螂会继续它们的生活！这是因为通常情况下人类身体所能忍受的放射量为5rems，一旦总辐射量超过800rems则必死无疑。而德国小蠊可以忍受9000-105000rems，美洲大蠊则达到967500rems！所以即使有核子爆炸蟑螂也可以幸存下来。现在美国政府用来消灭蟑螂一年的费用就达到15亿美元，大约是用在防治艾滋病预算的两倍。

它们大多数长相都差不多，但是仔细观察还是能看到有所不同。当前的分类学者将蟑螂分成6000种左右，其中约有50种是害虫，例如大家所常见的亚洲蟑螂。此外美洲蟑螂（美洲大蠊）、德国蟑螂（德国小蠊）、棕色蟑螂和澳洲蟑螂的分布也十分广泛。我国约有200余种，常见的室内蟑螂有10种左右，各地有所不同。常见的有德国小蠊和美洲大蠊。

德国小蠊，体形很小，长约10-15mm，成虫为棕黄色，是北方地区常见的优势种。除分布于住房之外，在饭店、饮食店、医院及舰船、火车、客机上都是优势种。

美洲大蠊，体形较大，体长约30-40mm，成虫为红褐色，在南方地区为室内优势种，其它地区分布于下水道、暖气沟、厕所、浴室及酿造厂、酱品厂等阴暗潮湿的环境。

蟑螂的学名叫蜚蠊。它有咀嚼式的口器，能啃吃东西。蟑螂的食物非常复杂，从普通食品到擦鞋的刷子都可以成为它的食物，电线胶皮，硬纸板，肥皂，油漆屑，枯叶，纺织品，皮革，头发等等。昆虫学家发现有12种蟑螂可以靠糨糊活一个礼拜，美国蟑螂只喝水可以活一个月，如果没有食物也没有水仍然可以活3个星期。蟑螂在食物短缺或者空间过分拥挤的情况下，会发生同类相残的行为。

蟑螂善于爬行，会游泳，危机时也可飞行。蟑螂的扁平身体使其善于在细小的缝隙中生活，几乎有水和食物的地方都可生存。如果条件不好，较长时间内不吃不喝也不会死亡。蟑螂如上的特点，使其数量与日俱增，分布范围日趋扩大，已跃居成为头号家庭害虫。

蟑螂喜暗怕光，喜欢昼伏夜出，白天偶尔可见。一般在黄昏后开始爬出活动、觅食，清晨回窝。温度在24-32℃最为活跃，4℃时完全不能活动。在热带地区，蟑螂可四季繁殖、活动。北方地区，冬季有取暖设备的室内，温度适宜，蟑螂可照常活动、繁殖。多数蟑螂为卵生，其卵有序排列在卵鞘内，可以抵抗不良环境的影响，也不易被药剂杀死，条件适宜时即可孵化出幼虫。

蟑螂的繁殖能力很强。雌雄蟑螂交配后，雌蟑螂的尾端便长出一个形如豆荚状的东西就叫卵鞘，卵就产在其中。一只雌虫少则可产10多个、多则可产90多个卵鞘；一个卵鞘中，少则可孵出10只、多则可孵出50多只小蟑螂，这同蟑螂种类有关。在美国东部，平均一个房子种居住着一千只以上的蟑螂；而一对德国小蠊，一年只有可以繁殖为十万只后代！蟑螂的卵在卵夹内孵化，大约需要15天的时间。刚孵化出来的蟑螂是乳白色的若虫，没有翅膀。象其它种类的昆虫一样，随着它慢慢长大必须蜕皮。经过3-4次蜕皮之后就可以看到翅芽。德国小蠊需要6-7次蜕皮才能达到性成熟的成虫期，而美洲大蠊则需要10-12次。蟑螂的生长、蜕皮的次数和气候因素，食物的获得都有密切关系。通常这一过程在两个月内完成。

蜘蛛，蝎子，蚂蚁，寄生蝇，寄生性胡蜂，蟾蜍，蜥蜴，鸟类，老鼠等都是蟑螂常见的天敌。

生活于野外的蟑螂种类，大多以腐败的有机质或枯枝败叶等为主食；而栖身于屋舍的蟑螂，喜欢淀粉性的食物，在它们爬过的食物上，往往会把所携带的病原生物留下而传播疾病。蟑螂进食时有个坏习惯：边吃、边吐、边排泄，因此污染食物，传播多种疾病，如痢疾、副霍乱、肝炎、结核病、白喉、猩红热、蛔虫病等。无论是什么品种的蟑螂，其所传播的病原生物有伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺结核菌、炭疽杆菌、癞病菌等及条虫类、蛔虫类、血吸虫类的卵等等。蟑螂还分泌和排泄出有异臭的物质，使人闻到后感觉恶心甚至呕吐。泰国政府宣布，今后不在允许以宠物的名义出售一种原产马达加斯加的“巨型蟑螂”，也禁止普通个人拥有。

蟑螂个体适中，容易饲养，繁殖能力强，长久以来一直是生物学家喜爱的实验品。

怎么样清除蟑螂？

1、仔细的检查下水沟，墙上的裂缝，地板隔及窗户，防止蟑螂进入。

2、保持室内干燥，蟑螂多生活在潮湿的环境中，因此应注意不要有任何漏水的地方，尤其是厨房。

3、保持室内清洁，在清洁，干燥的环境中，蟑螂会感到自己不受欢迎。用餐后要将食物及时密闭，将地上及垃圾袋内的垃圾及时清理，并将餐具用热水冲先干净，不洁的餐具会吸引蟑螂的目光。另外炉灶等处也要定期的清洁。

4、在屋内无人的情况下使用杀虫剂消灭蟑螂。

⒉〖[b]中药材[/b]〗

大部分人都很憎恨蟑螂，还有一些人花了相当多的时间和气力相除掉它们。尽管如此，这种大昆虫却没有任何灭绝的迹象。它们在地球上有数百万年的存活史，它们的活动几乎遍及全世界。化石显示，蟑螂于3亿多年前就已经生活在地球上了。

野蟑螂在热带国家里很常见。它们利用自己扁平的身体爬入裂缝与空隙处，人们很难从房屋里彻底清除它们，到处都可能留下它们的粪便。

世界上现存有3500种不同的蟑螂。它们身上的斑纹使其很容易与周围环境混在一起。

这就是蟑螂爬进了屋子后造成的讨厌景象。它们在那儿取暖和寻觅食物的残渣。

蟑螂的长触须是触觉器官。在夜里，蟑螂用它来探路与觅食。

Cockroach
I  INTRODUCTION

Cockroach, common name for an order of insects, the most familiar of which are characterized by their oval shape, foul odor, and their status as household pests. About 4000 species are known worldwide; most inhabit the warm tropical regions of the globe. About 25 species have attained worldwide distribution due to accidental transport in commerce and their affinity for human habitation. Among these are most of the important pest species. Cockroaches are an ancient group, having changed little in appearance in 320 million years. Fossil records indicate that they were the predominant insects during the Carboniferous period 360 to 290 million years ago.

Common pest cockroaches include the American, German, Oriental, Madeira, and brownbanded. The Asian cockroach began to cause concern in the United States when it appeared in large numbers in Florida in the late 1980s. All but the American cockroach are introduced species to North America.

II  CHARACTERISTICS

Cockroaches in general are flat and oval in outline. The head points downward and is protected by the enlarged flanges of the thorax. In many other respects they are similar in morphology to grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, stick insects, and mantids, their closest relatives. Cockroaches may be winged or wingless, but even winged species do not always fly. Adults range from 1 mm (0.04 in) to more than 9 cm (3.6 in) in length. They are sensitive to light; most species prefer darkness, being largely nocturnal. Their long, hairlike, highly sensitive antennae and sensory bristles enable them to detect tiny amounts of food and moisture. The cerci, sensory structures extending from the rear of the abdomen, can sense minute air movements, enabling the cockroach to rapidly detect and flee from potential danger. Most cockroaches can run very rapidly and are difficult to catch due to their soft, slippery outer skin, called the cuticle. They can hide in very narrow crevices. The oily cuticle also protects them from dehydration. Individual species may be restricted to very specific habitats such as leaf litter, bromeliads, the splash zone of wate**lls, or bat caves. Some species are brightly colored, defying the stereotype of the drab, brown or black household roach. Some species, including the Madeira cockroach, can produce sound.

III  LIFE CYCLE AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR

Courtship patterns vary with the species. When the American cockroach is ready to mate, the female produces a chemical odor, or pheromone, that attracts males. The males flap their wings and probe for females with their abdomens when they sense the pheromone; eventually, they back into a female and mating ensues. Other species have more elaborate mating displays, including hissing noises, bobbing and waving of the abdomen, or nibbling. The males of one African species form dominance hierarchies, and the females preferentially mate with the dominant male.

The fertilized eggs that result from mating are cemented together by the female in a sausage-shaped egg case known as the ootheca. The American cockroach simply deposits the ootheca in a protected place and abandons it. German cockroaches keep the ootheca extended from their egg-laying organ, known as the ovipositor, depositing it only when the eggs are ready to hatch. An ootheca contains from 16 to 32 eggs, depending on the species. Female ootheca-tending cockroaches sometimes display maternal care. The nymphs that emerge from the eggs often remain around their mother for several days. Nymphs undergo gradual metamorphosis—that is, they grow and mature in stages, each separated by a molt of the exoskeleton. Each successive stage, or instar, comes to resemble the adult insect more and more. The final molt gives rise to a winged, sexually mature individual.

IV  IMPORTANCE

Cockroaches play an important ecological role. They are generalist feeders, capable of digesting a wide range of substances due to the variety of bacteria and protozoa in their digestive systems. They help decompose forest litter and animal fecal matter and are, in turn, food for many other animals, including scavengers of dead cockroaches, predators, and egg parasites. They are therefore an important part of the food web. The success of their survival strategies is proven by the longevity of the group and their amazing diversity.

Only about 1 percent of cockroach species are considered pests to humans and these are basically nuisance pests. Cockroaches have earned a bad reputation not only because they feed on human food stores and garbage but because they foul their surroundings, leave behind a repugnant odor, and are extremely difficult to eradicate. However, cockroaches may not be as dirty as they seem. In laboratory experiments, household species are capable of contaminating food and other objects with human disease organisms, but they have not been implicated in actual disease outbreaks. In fact, cockroaches spend a great deal of time cleaning themselves.

Cockroaches have been the target of many insecticides over the years but they have developed resistance to several of them. Attempts to use pheromones as sex lures or to sterilize male cockroaches have thus far not proved practical on a large scale. Sprinkling abrasives such as diatomaceous earth to penetrate their protective cuticles may work in individual households as a nonpoisonous alternative. Once the cuticle is abraded, the roaches die of dehydration. Also effective is boric acid powder, which is both abrasive and poisonous to cockroaches. The best way to prevent cockroaches from multiplying is to keep a clean house and block their access to water, which they need to survive.

American cockroaches are very easy to keep and rear in the laboratory and make excellent subjects for experimentation because of their large size and generalized morphology. They have been the subject of countless studies that have tremendously increased our understanding of insect biology. At least two inoffensive species of cockroaches are kept as pets. These are the large, winged Brazilian cockroach and the Madagascar hissing cockroach.

Scientific classification: Cockroaches make up the order Blattodea, which contains five families. The American cockroach is Periplaneta americana, and the Oriental cockroach is Blatta orientalis, both in the family Blattidae. The German cockroach, Blatella germanica, the Asian cockroach, Blatella asahinai, and the brownbanded cockroach, Supella longipalpa, are in the family Blatellidae. The Madeira cockroach is Leucophaea maderae, the Brazilian cockroach is Blaberus giganteus, and the Madagascar hissing cockroach is Gromphadorina portentosa, all in the family Blaberidae. The remaining families are the Cryptocercidae and the Polyphagidae.
[/td][/tr][/table]

你真恶心我```````
我挺惧这个东西的``

哦也。。。
俺现在对这个已经没有感觉拉。。。。

今天~~不对~~~
昨天
还问蟑螂什么样来着………………

呃~

知道什么样儿了吧，相当帅～赞一个:funk:

呃~~~~~

倒~~~~

这个人啊~~这个人啊 ………………
唉~

呵呵，说强哥呢，说我干么，小强哥貌似最近失宗了，难道被学校的农药消灭了？～

得~~~我们高中班长就叫强哥~~
他看了非崩溃不可…………

。。。。。。:% :%

小强

小强```你不能死啊``小强````````````````

没有最好了,

顶顶顶顶
顶顶顶顶
啊啊啊啊

....小强还好啦`没这么可怕`

昨天回长清在宿舍居然也见到一只小小强～～原来小强早就知道这边有分校了....

我们宿舍有好多大小帅帅的强哥呢~~:'(

[quote]原帖由 [i]cxwin2008[/i] 于 2007-8-25 10:12 发表 [url=http://www.shanshiren.com/bbs/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=23114&ptid=2349][img]http://www.shanshiren.com/bbs/images/common/back.gif[/img][/url]
昨天回长清在宿舍居然也见到一只小小强～～原来小强早就知道这边有分校了.... [/quote]
.......!

恶心死了。。。在教室拖把下面有那么多。。。它们参加赛跑估计都能拿冠军。。:HANS: :HANS: :GZ:

额````我好久没见它们了`

新人报道
请大家多多关照

每天夜里12点左右基本都能抓到至少一只漂亮的小强~:ZQ:

PS：BS楼上滴